Secondary metabolites in leaves of hybrid aspen are affected by the competitive status and early thinning in dense coppices

Table 2 Effects of the thinning treatment (T) and the tree’s competitive status (CS dominant or suppressed) on foliar secondary metabolite groups. Significantly different treatment groups (UT un-thinned, C corridor thinning, CC, cross-corridor thinning) are distinguished with different letters (where ‘a’ is the group with the greatest mean concentration), based on Tukey’s test

Class of compounds	Model	Factor			Dominant trees			Suppressed trees
Class of compounds	Model	T	CS	T × CS	UT	C	CC	UT	C	CC
Dihydrochalcones	***	*	***	***	c	c	c	c	b	a
Flavonoids	***	***	***	***	ab	a	ab	c	b	ab
Hydroxycinnamates	***	ns	***	***	a	a	ab	b	ab	a
Jasmonates	***	ns	***	***	bc	c	bc	a	ab	bc
Salicylates	***	ns	***	*	c	c	c	b	ab	a

Model—significance of the LMM model after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (n = 5). ns not significant
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

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