Fig. 1

Isotropic empirical semivariograms of residuals after fitting a multi-environment individual-tree mixed model with fixed effect of overall mean, random check lot effects, random additive (breeding values) and dominance genetic effects, and random errors, for diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height (TH), and normal score of stem straightness (NSTR) at age 10 for sites 1 and 2