Table 2 Results of the linear mixed-effect model, Kruskal-Wallis, and Levene test. For each trait, species, and geographical area, the “Cofactor(s)” column indicates the environmental and/or tree characteristics and/or tree age, height (i.e., proxy for ontogeny) retained after the stepwise selection. If no cofactor was retained after model selection, the “-” indicates that only the random effect was significant (“site” effect). Kruskal-Wallis results are based on the differences between “Fire” and “non-fire” modalities using the residuals of the best model for each trait and species
P. halepensis | P. sylvestris | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cofactor(s) | Kruskal-Wallis | Levene result | Cofactor(s) | Kruskal-Wallis | Levene result | ||
North + South | Self-pruning | Elevation, Age | F = 0.025, P = 0.874 | T = 2.938, P = 0.087 | - | F = 0.549, P = 0.459 | T = 1.611, P = 0.205 |
Bark thickness | Latitude, Age | F = 0.112, P = 0.737 | T = 0.011, P = 0.918 | Height, Temperature | F = 0.422, P = 0.516 | T = 0.537, P = 0.464 | |
Surface to volume ratio | Latitude, Elevation, Slope | F = 0.001, P = 0.974 | T = 0.015, P = 0.904 | Elevation, Height, Precipitation | F = 0.350, P = 0.554 | T = 1.321, P = 0.251 | |
Shoot bulk density | Elevation; Height | F = 0.017, P = 0.967 | T = 0.002, P = 0.966 | Elevation, Height, Latitude | F = 0.233, P = 0.629 | T = 0.072, P = 0.788 | |
Serotiny level | Age, Height, Latitude, Temperature, Precipitation | F = 0.008, P = 0.931 | T = 0.011, P = 0.918 | ||||
North | Self-pruning | Elevation | F = 0.067, P = 0.795 | T = 6.805, P = 0.010 PHNF > PHF | Elevation | F = 0.005, P = 0.526 | T = 1.109, P = 0.294 |
Bark thickness | Age, Elevation, Slope | F = 0.135, P = 0.714 | T = 1.558, P = 0.214 | Height | F = 0.088, P = 0.767 | T = 0.437, P = 0.509 | |
Surface to volume ratio | - | F < 0.001, P = 0.981 | T = 0.017, P = 0.895 | Height | F = 0.377, P = 0.539 | T = 1.625, P = 0.204 | |
Shoot bulk density | Basal area, Elevation, Height | F = 0.007, P = 0.931 | T = 2.303, P = 0.131 | Elevation | F = 0.005, P = 0.943 | T = 2.261, P = 0.135 | |
Serotiny level | Basal area, Elevation, Height, RGR, Slope | F = 0.659, P = 0.417 | T = 8.719, P = 0.004 PHF > PHNF | ||||
South | Self-pruning | Age | F = 0.144, P = 0.705 | T = 0.003, P = 0.953 | Elevation, Basal area, Height, Slope | F = 0.143, P = 0.706 | T = 0.311, P = 0.578 |
Bark thickness | Age | F = 0.605, P = 0.437 | T = 0.691, P = 0.407 | Height | F = 0.410, P = 0.521 | T = 0.351, P = 0.555 | |
Surface to volume ratio | Basal area, Latitude, Precipitation, Temperature, Slope | F = 0.255, P = 0.614 | T = 0.011, P = 0.918 | Elevation | F = 0.002, P = 0.962 | T = 0.213, P = 0.645 | |
Shoot bulk density | Basal area, Precipitation | F = 0.364, P = 0.546 | T = 1.563, P = 0.213 | Height | F = 0.010, P = 0.921 | T = 0.073, P = 0.788 | |
Serotiny level | Age, Height, Latitude, Temperature, Precipitation, Elevation, Basal area, Slope | F = 0.020, P = 0.888 | T = 4.034, P = 0.046 PHNF > PHF | ||||