Table 4 Average values of each evaluator of the initial classification and that obtained with each assignment rule. Averages were calculated across the different number of groups 2 to 18 in B. hyrcana (section A) and 2 to 17 in T. baccata (section B) datasets, before (not underlined) and after (underlined) correcting for the ratio of “statistically valid” Appendix 3 groups. Ranks (1 to 10) are calculated from the corrected averages (i.e., from italicized values). Incidence-based evaluators are specified in the table with braces

0.74

2

0.682

5

0.841

9

0.812

1

0.569

10

0.668

8

0.695

4

0.683

7

0.725

3

0.729

6

0.74

0.655

0.572

0.812

0.257

0.581

0.660

0.621

0.667

0.634

0.59

4

0.662

1

0.698

8

0.598

3

0.511

10

0.534

9

0.605

6

0.557

7

0.651

2

0.661

5

0.59

0.635

0.474

0.598

0.204

0.465

0.574

0.507

0.599

0.575

0.44

8

0.480

4

0.380

9

0.450

6

0.224

10

0.443

7

0.484

2

0.482

3

0.496

1

0.469

5

0.44

0.480

0.380

0450

0.224

0.443

0.484

0.482

0.496

0.496

0.29

3

0.237

8

0.502

2

0.373

1

0.143

10

0.245

9

0.280

5

0.273

7

0.292

4

0.301

6

0.29

0.228

0.341

0.373

0.057

0.213

0.266

0.248

0.269

0.262

0.17

7

0.250

1

0.346

2

0.177

6

0.073

10

0.118

9

0.206

5

0.150

8

0.244

4

0.260

3

0.17

0.240

0.235

0.177

0.029

0.102

0.196

0.136

0.224

0.226

1.38

2

1.294

4

1.504

9

1.479

1

1.112

10

1.268

8

1.303

5

1.285

7

1.353

3

1.356

6

1.38

1.243

1.023

1.479

0.444

1.103

1.238

1.169

1.245

1.180

1.23

3

1.330

1

1.359

9

1.236

2

1.060

10

1.135

8

1.234

5

1.163

7

1.311

4

1.325

6

1.23

1.277

0.924

1.236

0.424

0.987

1.172

1.058

1.206

1.153

0.02

4

− 0.076

8

0.056

2

0.050

1

− 0.122

6

0.042

3

− 0.099

10

− 0.087

9

− 0.047

5

− 0.056

7

0.02

− 0.073

0.038

0.050

− 0.049

0.036

− 0.094

− 0.079

− 0.043

− 0.049

0.01

2

0.069

1

− 0.020

3

− 0.015

4

− 0.127

9

− 0.041

6

− 0.051

8

− 0.109

10

− 0.027

5

− 0.044

7

0.01

0.066

− 0.014

− 0.015

− 0.050

− 0.035

− 0.047

− 0.099

− 0.024

− 0.037

0.28

1

0.280

3

0.286

9

0.282

2

0.292

10

0.289

7

0.282

4

0.286

6

0.288

5

0.287

8

0.28

0.268

0.194

0.282

0.117

0.251

0.268

0.260

0.265

0.250

124

1

118

3

111

9

123

2

104

10

115

8

119

4

110

7

120

5

126

6

124

113

75

123

42

100

113

100

110

110

0.55

2

0.438

7

0.715

4

0.674

1

0.162

10

0.388

9

0.459

6

0.433

8

0.529

3

0.535

5

0.55

0.420

0.486

0.674

0.065

0.338

0.436

0.394

0.487

0.466

0.32

5.5

0.467

1

0.475

5.5

0.339

4

0.093

10

0.199

9

0.318

7

0.222

8

0.432

2

0.449

3

0.32

0.448

0.323

0.339

0.037

0.173

0.302

0.202

0.397

0.390

0.80

2

0.732

6

0.765

8

0.831

1

0.673

10

0.6787

9

0.754

3

0.753

4

0.715

7

0.745

5

0.80

0.732

0.696

0.831

0.397

0.576

0.754

0.753

0.715

0.745

0.74

3

0.777

2

0.717

8

0.730

5

0.635

10

0.667

9

0.718

6

0.707

7

0.744

4

0.781

1

0.74

0.777

0.652

0.730

0.375

0.567

0.718

0.707

0.744

0.781

0.5

4.5

0.53

3

0.49

9

0.5

4.5

0.59

10

0.54

8

0.49

6.5

0.49

6.5

0.55

1.5

0.55

1.5

0.50

0.530

0.445

0.500

0.348

0.459

0.490

0.490

0.550

0.550

0.32

2

0.303

4

0.352

3

0.360

1

0.269

10

0.220

9

0.299

7

0.302

5

0.262

8

0.299

6

0.32

0.303

0.320

0.360

0.159

0.187

0.299

0.302

0.262

0.299

0.30

5

0.393

1

0.333

4

0.295

7

0.257

10

0.242

9

0.296

6

0.288

8

0.327

3

0.375

2

0.30

0.393

0.303

0.295

0.151

0.206

0.296

0.288

0.327

0.375

1.48

2

1.361

6

1.405

8

1.516

1

1.268

10

1.294

9

1.402

3

1.399

4

1.345

7

1.384

5

1.48

1.361

1.278

1.516

0.748

1.100

1.402

1.399

1.345

1.384

1.48

3

1.503

2

1.405

8

1.446

5

1.271

10

1.345

9

1.422

6

1.405

7

1.461

4

1.516

1

1.48

1.503

1.279

1.446

0.749

1.143

1.422

1.405

1.461

1.516

0.06

2

− 0.026

6

0.029

3

0.095

1

− 0.159

10

− 0.081

8

− 0.015

4

− 0.015

5

− 0.07

9

− 0.049

7

0.06

− 0.026

0.027

0.095

− 0.094

− 0.069

− 0.015

− 0.015

− 0.07

− 0.049

0.05

2

0.063

1

0.001

8

0.019

4

− 0.037

10

− 0.020

9

0.004

7

0.005

6

0.007

5

0.019

3

0.05

0.063

0.001

0.019

− 0.022

− 0.017

0.004

0.005

0.007

0.019

0.28

4

0.279

5

0.280

8

0.282

2.5

0.288

10

0.283

9

0.276

7

0.277

6

0.282

2.5

0.283

1

0.28

0.279

0.255

0.282

0.170

0.241

0.276

0.277

0.282

0.283

134

1

130

3

124

8

132

2

119

10

129

9

125

4

124

5.5

123

7

124

5.5

134

130

113

132

70

110

125

124

123

124

0.70

2

0.538

6

0.587

7

0.737

1

0.396

10

0.434

9

0.603

3

0.601

4

0.518

8

0.578

5

0.70

0.538

0.534

0.737

0.234

0.368

0.603

0.601

0.518

0.578

0.64

3

0.675

2

0.563

8

0.601

5

0.349

10

0.479

9

0.560

6

0.536

7

0.618

4

0.678

1

0.64

0.675

0.512

0.601

0.206

0.407

0.560

0.536

0.618

0.678

0.78

2

0.618

9

0.781

7

0.795

1

0.628

10

0.677

8

0.760

4

0.761

3

0.741

6

0.753

5

0.78

0.618

0.718

0.795

0.433

0.622

0.760

0.761

0.741

0.753

0.73

3

0.640

7

0.683

8

0.721

4

0.554

10

0.652

9

0.697

5

0.672

6

0.793

2

0.801

1

0.73

0.640

0.629

0.721

0.382

0.600

0.697

0.672

0.793

0.801

0.52

4.5

0.510

6

0.520

8

0.480

7

0.580

10

0.510

9

0.520

4.5

0.530

3

0.600

1

0.580

2

0.52

0.510

0.478

0.480

0.400

0.469

0.520

0.530

0.600

0.580

0.30

7

0.174

9

0.364

3

0.335

2

0.204

10

0.217

8

0.304

6

0.312

5

0.322

4

0.340

1

0.30

0.174

0.335

0.335

0.141

0.199

0.304

0.312

0.322

0.340

0.29

4

0.236

8

0.288

6

0.294

3

0.146

10

0.225

9

0.272

5

0.254

7

0.421

2

0.436

1

0.29

0.236

0.265

0.294

0.101

0.207

0.272

0.254

0.421

0.436

1.45

2

1.203

8

1.428

7

1.461

1

1.210

10

1.293

9

1.410

3

1.408

4

1.372

6

1.387

5

1.45

1.203

1.314

1.461

0.835

1.189

1.410

1.408

1.372

1.387

1.46

3

1.295

7

1.357

8

1.428

4

1.158

10

1.323

9

1.390

5

1.350

6

1.523

2

1.534

1

1.46

1.295

1.248

1.428

0.799

1.217

1.390

1.350

1.523

1.534

0.02

2

− 0.099

10

0.020

3

0.033

1

− 0.084

6

− 0.081

8

− 0.034

4

− 0.036

5

− 0.081

9

− 0.069

7

0.02

− 0.099

0.018

0.033

− 0.058

− 0.074

− 0.034

− 0.036

− 0.081

− 0.069

0.06

2

− 0.0023

3

− 0.017

4

0.107

1

− 0.049

10

− 0.025

9

− 0.0219

7

− 0.0225

8

− 0.019

5

− 0.021

6

0.06

− 0.0023

− 0.016

0.107

− 0.033

− 0.023

− 0.0219

− 0.0225

− 0.019

− 0.021

0.28

3

0.280

5

0.284

8

0.279

7

0.289

10

0.283

9

0.280

6

0.282

4

0.285

2

0.286

1

0.28

0.280

0.261

0.279

0.199

0.261

0.280

0.282

0.285

0.286

133

1

117

8

121

9

132

2

118

10

130

7

121

5.5

122

4

121

5.5

123

3

133

117

111

132

81

120

121

122

121

123

0.65

2

0.305

9

0.626

6

0.671

1

0.311

10

0.430

8

0.618

3

0.613

4

0.565

7

0.591

5

0.65

0.305

0.576

0.671

0.214

0.395

0.618

0.613

0.565

0.591

0.61

3

0.427

8

0.497

7

0.588

4

0.218

10

0.463

9

0.533

5

0.480

6

0.695

2

0.712

1

0.68

4

0.717

1

0.625

8

0.702

3

0.516

9

0.508

10

0.681

6

0.643

7

0.703

2

0.679

5

0.68

0.717

0.589

0.702

0.516

0.478

0.641

0.605

0.703

0.679

0.57

8

0.596

6

0.645

4

0.583

7

0.516

9

0.510

10

0.739

1

0.683

2

0.628

3

0.600

5

0.57

0.596

0.607

0.583

0.516

0.480

0.695

0.643

0.628

0.600

0.35

9

0.365

8

0.435

3

0.346

10

0.404

4

0.402

7

0.450

2

0.451

1

0.392

6

0.401

5

0.35

0.365

0.409

0.346

0.404

0.378

0.424

0.424

0.392

0.401

0.24

6

0.300

1

0.222

8

0.260

4

0.062

9

0.057

10

0.298

2

0.246

7

0.261

3

0.251

5

0.24

0.300

0.209

0.260

0.062

0.053

0.281

0.231

0.261

0.251

0.21

8

0.237

6

0.284

4

0.221

7

0.086

9

0.079

10

0.404

1

0.344

2

0.281

3

0.256

5

0.21

0.237

0.267

0.221

0.086

0.074

0.380

0.323

0.281

0.256

1.61

5

1.889

1

1.517

8

1.793

2

1.087

9

1.077

10

1.693

6

1.555

7

1.697

4

1.702

3

1.61

1.889

1.428

1.793

1.087

1.014

1.593

1.463

1.697

1.702

1.62

4

1.619

5

1.541

8

1.648

3

1.248

9

1.253

10

1.631

7

1.634

6

1.688

1

1.649

2

1.62

1.619

1.450

1.648

1.248

1.179

1.535

1.538

1.688

1.649

− 0.082

5

0.016

1

− 0.198

10

0.016

2

− 0.107

7

− 0.102

6

− 0.180

9

− 0.148

8

− 0.060

4

− 0.007

3

− 0.082

0.016

− 0.187

0.016

− 0.107

− 0.096

− 0.169

− 0.139

− 0.060

− 0.007

0.03

4

0.035

5

0.010

7

0.052

2

0.000

9

0.008

8

− 0.012

10

0.018

6

0.039

3

0.057

1

0.03

0.035

0.010

0.052

0.000

0.008

− 0.012

0.017

0.039

0.057

0.22

4

0.225

5

0.221

10

0.223

6

0.226

3

0.226

9

0.227

7

0.226

8

0.228

2

0.228

1

0.22

0.225

0.208

0.223

0.226

0.213

0.214

0.213

0.228

0.228

68

5

78

4

83

3

91

1

52

7

53

8

37

9

32

10

60

6

84

2

68

78

78

91

52

50

35

30

60

84

0.53

5

0.725

1

0.433

8

0.682

2

0.080

9

0.074

10

0.523

6

0.459

7

0.591

4

0.621

3

0.53

0.725

0.408

0.682

0.080

0.069

0.493

0.432

0.591

0.621

0.68

4

0.675

5

0.551

8

0.697

2

0.137

9

0.139

10

0.641

9

0.642

6

0.739

1

0.687

3

0.68

0.675

0.518

0.697

0.137

0.131

0.603

0.604

0.739

0.687

0.70

6

0.729

5

0.793

3

0.735

4

0.780

1

0.646

10

0.630

8

0.613

9

0.695

7

0.748

2

0.70

0.729

0.746

0.735

0.780

0.532

0.630

0.613

0.695

0.748

0.60

8

0.624

7

0.685

4

0.639

5

0.730

1

0.701

10

0.632

6

0.659

3

0.599

9

0.674

2

0.60

0.624

0.645

0.639

0.730

0.578

0.632

0.659

0.599

0.674

0.44

5

0.383

8

0.462

6

0.383

9

0.447

4

0.452

10

0.458

2

0.463

1

0.448

3

0.410

7

0.44

0.383

0.435

0.383

0.447

0.372

0.458

0.463

0.448

0.410

0.27

6

0.293

5

0.484

2

0.315

3

0.496

1

0.244

10

0.218

8

0.212

9

0.269

7

0.302

4

0.27

0.293

0.455

0.315

0.496

0.201

0.218

0.212

0.269

0.302

0.25

9

0.256

8

0.350

2

0.277

6

0.396

1

0.345

5

0.274

7

0.306

4

0.243

10

0.312

3

0.25

0.256

0.329

0.277

0.396

0.284

0.274

0.306

0.243

0.312

1.77

6

1.901

5

2.185

2

1.975

3

2.100

1

1.617

10

1.561

8

1.465

9

1.751

7

1.956

4

1.77

1.901

2.057

1.975

2.100

1.332

1.561

1.465

1.751

1.956

1.66

2

1.642

5

1.563

9

1.649

4

1.560

8

1.630

10

1.586

6

1.579

7

1.659

3

1.795

1

1.66

1.642

1.471

1.649

1.560

1.342

1.586

1.579

1.659

1.795

− 0.075

7

0.020

3

0.069

1

0.019

4

− 0.013

5

− 0.145

8

− 0.162

9

− 0.189

10

− 0.056

6

0.030

2

− 0.075

0.020

0.065

0.019

− 0.013

− 0.120

− 0.162

− 0.189

− 0.056

0.030

0.04

2

0.038

4

0.024

7

0.037

5

0.021

8

0.044

6

0.003

9

− 0.002

10

0.042

3

0.079

1

0.04

0.038

0.022

0.037

0.021

0.036

0.003

− 0.002

0.042

0.079

0.22

1

0.224

7

0.227

9

0.223

8

0.224

6

0.224

10

0.226

4

0.228

3

0.228

2

0.225

5

0.22

0.224

0.213

0.223

0.224

0.185

0.226

0.228

0.228

0.225

66

4

74

3

49

6

80

2

37

9

55

7

39

8

36

10

55

5

88

1

66

74

46

80

37

45

39

36

55

88

0.62

6

0.727

4

0.800

3

0.769

1

0.724

5

0.530

9

0.506

8

0.434

10

0.612

7

0.761

2

0.62

0.727

0.753

0.769

0.724

0.437

0.506

0.434

0.612

0.761

0.70

2

0.687

5

0.625

9

0.695

4

0.608

8

0.674

10

0.636

6

0.629

7

0.697

3

0.809

1

0.70

0.687

0.588

0.695

0.608

0.555

0.636

0.629

0.697

0.809

0.70

4

0.727

3

0.811

2

0.800

1

0.657

7

0.719

8

0.636

9

0.620

10

0.675

5

0.672

6

0.70

0.727

0.764

0.800

0.657

0.634

0.599

0.547

0.675

0.672

0.61

8

0.613

7

0.681

6

0.714

1

0.689

2

0.638

10

0.696

5

0.693

9

0.664

3

0.659

4

0.61

0.613

0.641

0.714

0.689

0.563

0.655

0.612

0.664

0.659

0.38

7

0.359

9

0.386

8

0.416

4

0.443

1

0.372

10

0.426

6

0.464

5

0.442

2

0.433

3

0.38

0.359

0.364

0.416

0.443

0.328

0.401

0.409

0.442

0.433

0.26

5

0.308

3

0.545

2

0.549

1

0.269

4

0.296

6

0.222

9

0.208

10

0.246

7

0.241

8

0.26

0.308

0.512

0.549

0.269

0.261

0.209

0.183

0.246

0.241

0.25

8

0.250

9

0.342

4

0.377

1

0.341

2

0.273

10

0.350

3

0.349

7

0.316

5

0.312

6

0.25

0.250

0.322

0.377

0.341

0.240

0.330

0.308

0.316

0.312

1.83

4

1.943

3

2.226

2

2.212

1

1.633

8

1.903

5

1.563

9

1.494

10

1.645

6

1.634

7

1.83

1.943

2.095

2.212

1.633

1.679

1.471

1.318

1.645

1.634

1.66

3

1.576

4

1.480

10

1.480

7

1.528

6

1.618

8

1.645

5

1.604

9

1.677

2

1.681

1

1.66

1.576

1.393

1.480

1.528

1.428

1.548

1.416

1.677

1.681

0.003

4

0.028

2

0.019

3

0.060

1

− 0.161

10

− 0.025

5

− 0.107

6

− 0.153

9

− 0.129

8

− 0.126

7

0.003

0.028

0.018

0.060

− 0.161

− 0.022

− 0.101

− 0.135

− 0.129

− 0.126

0.05

1

0.028

2

0.004

9

0.002

10

0.007

8

0.031

3

0.021

5

0.010

7

0.010

6

0.024

4

0.05

0.028

0.004

0.002

0.007

0.027

0.020

0.008

0.010

0.024

0.22

3

0.223

4

0.223

8

0.221

6

0.222

5

0.222

10

0.224

7

0.227

9

0.230

1

0.228

2

0.22

0.223

0.210

0.221

0.222

0.196

0.211

0.200

0.230

0.228

77

1

76

2

62

6

46

9

70

3

78

4

62

6

40

10

48

8

68

5

77

76

58

46

70

69

58

35

48

68

0.68

4

0.739

1

0.771

3

0.734

2

0.509

8

0.721

5

0.525

9

0.462

10

0.566

6

0.562

7

0.68

0.739

0.725

0.734

0.509

0.636

0.494

0.407

0.566

0.562

0.70

3

0.633

3

0.537

10

0.535

9

0.581

7

0.674

6

0.685

4

0.649

8

0.712

2

0.717

1

0.70

0.633

0.505

0.535

0.581

0.595

0.645

0.572

0.712

0.717