Table 2 Spectral and textural features and their corresponding equations used in this study

Tasselled cap transformation (Crist 1985)

Brightness (TCT_B)

(B × 0.3561) + (G × 0.3972) + (R × 0.3904) + (NIR × 0.6966) + (SWIR1 × 0.2286) + (SWIR2 × 0.1596)

Greenness

(TCT_G)

[B × (−0.3344)] + [G × (−0.3544)] + [R × (−0.4556)] + (NIR × 0.6966) + [SWIR1 × (−0.0242)] + [SWIR2 × (−0.2630)]

Wetness (TCT_W)

(B × 0.2626) + (G × 0.2141) + (R × 0.0926) + (NIR × 0.0656) + [SWIR1 × (−0.7629)] + [SWIR2 × (−0.5388)]

Spectral vegetation indices

Enhanced vegetation index

(EVI) (Huete et al. 2002)

\( 2.5\times \frac{\left( NIR-R\right)}{\left( NIR+6\times R-7.5\times B+1\right)} \)

Green normalized difference vegetation index

(GNDVI) (Gitelson and Merzlyak 1998)

\( \frac{\left( NIR-G\right)}{\left( NIR+G\right)} \)

Green ration vegetation index (GRVI) (Fiorella and Ripple 1993)

\( \frac{NIR}{G} \)

Modified Simple Ratio

(MSR) (Chen 1996)

\( \frac{\left(\frac{NIR}{R}\right)-1}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{NIR}{R}}\right)+1} \)

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (Rouse Jr et al. 1974)

\( \frac{\left( NIR-R\right)}{\left( NIR+R\right)} \)

Simple ratio (SR) (Birth and McVey 1968)

\( \frac{NIR}{R} \)

Transformed difference vegetation index (TDVI) (Bannari et al. 2002)

\( \sqrt{0.5+\frac{\left( NIR-R\right)}{\left( NIR+R\right)}} \)

Textural features(Anys et al. 1994)

Data Range (DR) for Red (DR_Red),NIR(DR_NIR), SWIR1(DR_SWIR1),SWIR2(DR_SWIR2)

V_max − V_min

Mean(ME) for Red (ME_Red),NIR(ME_NIR), SWIR1(ME_SWIR1),SWIR2(ME_SWIR2)

\( \sum \limits_{i=0}^{N_{g-1}} iP(i) \)

Variance(VA) for Red (VA_Red),NIR(VA_NIR), SWIR1(VA_SWIR1),SWIR2(VA_SWIR2)

\( \sum \limits_{i=0}^{N_{g-1}}{\left(i-M\right)}^2\ P(i) \)

Entropy(EN) for Red (EN_Red),NIR(EN_NIR), SWIR1(EN_SWIR1),SWIR2(EN_SWIR2)

\( -\sum \limits_{i=0}^{N_{g-1}}P(i)\ast lnP(i) \)

Skewness(SK) for Red (SK_Red),NIR(SK_NIR), SWIR1(SK_SWIR1),SWIR2(SK_SWIR2)

\( \sum \limits_{i=0}^{N_{g-1}}{\left(i-M\right)}^3P(i) \)