Table 3 Potential climate variables from the ECLIPS 2.0 dataset (Chakraborty et al. 2020a, b) used to calibrate the ensemble SDMs

AHM

Annual heat: moisture index (MAT + 10)/(MAP/1000))

bFFP

The Julian date on which FFP begins

DDabove18

Degree-days below 18 °C, heating degree-days

DDabove5

Degree-days above 5 °C, growing degree-days

DDbelow0

Degree-days below 0 °C, chilling degree-days

DDbelow18

Degree-days below 18 °C, heating degree-days

eFFP

The Julian date on which FFP ends

EMT

Extreme minimum temperature over 30 years

°C

FFP

Frost-free period

Days

MAP

Mean annual precipitation (mm)

°C

MAT

Mean annual temperature (°C)

°C

MCMT

Mean coldest month temperature (°C)

°C

MSP

Mean summer (May to Sept.) precipitation (mm)

°C

MWMT

Mean warmest month temperature (°C)

°C

NFFD

The number of frost-free days

days

PPT_at

Autumn precipitation (mm)

mm

PPT_sm

Summer precipitation (mm)

mm

PPT_sp

Spring precipitation (mm)

mm

PPT_wt

Winter precipitation (mm)

mm

PPT01

Precipitation month 01

mm

PPT02

Precipitation month 02

mm

PPT03

Precipitation month 03

mm

PPT04

Precipitation month 04

mm

PPT05

Precipitation month 05

mm

PPT06

Precipitation month 06

mm

PPT07

Precipitation month 07

mm

PPT08

Precipitation month 08

mm

PPT09

Precipitation month 09

mm

PPT10

Precipitation month 10

mm

PPT11

Precipitation month 11

mm

PPT12

Precipitation month 12

mm

SHM

Summer heat: moisture index ((MWMT)/(MSP/1000))

Tave_at

Autumn (Sep.–Nov.) mean temperature (°C)

°C

Tave_sm

Summer (Jun.–Aug.) mean temperature (°C)

°C

Tave_sp

Spring (Mar.–May) mean temperature (°C)

°C

Tave_wt

Winter (Dec. (prev. yr)–Feb.) mean temperature (°C)

°C

Tave01

Average temperature month 01

°C

Tave02

Average temperature month 02

°C

Tave03

Average temperature month 03

°C

Tave04

Average temperature month 04

°C

Tave05

Average temperature month 05

°C

Tave06

Average temperature month 06

°C

Tave07

Average temperature month 07

°C

Tave08

Average temperature month 08

°C

Tave09

Average temperature month 09

°C

Tave10

Average temperature month 10

°C

Tave11

Average temperature month 11

°C

Tave12

Average temperature month 12

°C

TD

Temperature difference between MWMT and MCMT(°C)

°C

Tmax_an

Maximum yearly temperature

°C

Tmax_at

Maximum autumn temperature

°C

Tmax_sm

Maximum summer temperature

°C

Tmax_sp

Maximum spring temperature

°C

Tmax_wt

Maximum winter temperature

°C

Tmax01

Maximum temperature 01

°C

Tmax02

Maximum temperature 02

°C

Tmax03

Maximum temperature 03

°C

Tmax04

Maximum temperature 04

°C

Tmax05

Maximum temperature 05

°C

Tmax06

Maximum temperature 06

°C

Tmax07

Maximum temperature 07

°C

Tmax08

Maximum temperature 08

°C

Tmax09

Maximum temperature 09

°C

Tmax10

Maximum temperature 10

°C

Tmax11

Maximum temperature 11

°C

Tmax12

Maximum temperature 12

°C

Tmin_an

Minimum annual temperature

°C

Tmin_at

Minimum autumn temperature

°C

Tmin_sm

Minimum summer temperature

°C

Tmin_sp

Minimum spring temperature

°C

Tmin_wt

Minimum winter temperature

°C

Tmin01

Minimum temperature 01

°C

Tmin02

Minimum temperature 02

°C

Tmin03

Minimum temperature 03

°C

Tmin04

Minimum temperature 04

°C

Tmin05

Minimum temperature 05

°C

Tmin06

Minimum temperature 06

°C

Tmin07

Minimum temperature 07

°C

Tmin08

Minimum temperature 08

°C

Tmin09

Minimum temperature 09

°C

Tmin10

Minimum temperature 10

°C

Tmin11

Minimum temperature 11

°C

Tmin12

Minimum temperature 12

°C