Fig. 5
total amount of harvest (m3) reported by (ISPRA 2018a, ISPRA 2018b) (solid red line) and FAOSTAT (solid black line, FAOSTAT, December 2019). Based on the amount of harvest reported in 2016 by the first data series used as input within the present study (solid red line, including primary forest), within the BaU scenario, we assumed a constant harvest rate from 2017 onward (dashed red line). Under the VS scenario, an additional amount of harvest is provided through salvage logging in 2019, 2020, and 2021 (triangles). In order to compare the relative impact of Vaia, against forest wildfires, which are the main natural disturbances affecting Italian forests, we also included in our assessment the total amount of burned area as reported by the Italian National Inventory Report (CRF Table 4(V), ISPRA 2019) in the historical period 2000–2017, then assumed as constant, and equal to the average historical burned area, until 2030, for both our scenarios (see Fig. 6)