Table 2 Overview of recent forest recreation and cultural ES case studies applying MADM and GIS
Study | MADM Techniques | Study region | Description of approach adopted | Results | Simulation model validation | Findings | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | No. of criteria | Elicitation methods | Study objective | Validation techniques | Â | Â | Â |
Ustaoglu and Aydinoglu 2020) | AHP | Turkey | 17 | Expert consultations | Suitability of green space zones | N/A | 15.6% of areas highly suitable | N/A | Assessment analysis may help connect green features and allocate future demand for urban green space |
Siroosi et al. (2020) | AHP | Northern Iran | 10 | Questionnaire | Evaluate potential tourism areas | Comparison between multi-criteria evaluation models and ground-based using ROC | Most suitable areas were found close to attraction points | Statistic results scored 0.82 and 0.814 for multi-criteria evaluation-based MLP and LR | Decision aid methods can be merged into mathematical models as linear regression or multi-layer perception process |
Yun et al. (2019) | AHP | South Korea | 4 | Expert consultations, literature review | Evaluate restorationsites | Field surveyconducted tocompare modelsuitability using GPS | 49.5% were high andvery high suitable zones | Comparisondemonstratedaccurateassessmentanalysis | Presented model couldenhance success ofreestablishment efforts |
Ghorbanzadeh et al. (2019) | ANP-OWA | North-West Iran | 4 | Questionnaire | Map potential nature tourism areas | N/A | The result showed a high suitability zones for nature tourism | N/A | Technical framework has the possibility of dealing with physical process of nature-based tourism |
Yang et al. (2019) | AHP | Hebei Province China | 9 | Review literature, expert consultations | Evaluate potential visual sensitivity site of a plantation forest landscape | N/A | High visually sensitivity areas were found in recreation areas and along major roads | N/A | Model can quickly support updating data change results |
Zheng et al. (2019) | AHP | Tianzhu forest China | 5 | Ad hoc expert appraisal | Suitability of recreation development for forest conservation | N/A | 0.06% of zones adequate for recreational facilities | N/A | Model could be integrated into forest park management systems |
Balist et al. (2019) | Fuzzy AHP | Kurdistan Province | 15 | Expert opinions, literature reviews | Allocate ecotourism zones | N/A | Nearly \({664}{km^{2}}\) of areas were most appropriate for ecotourism | N/A | Proposed work led to regional scale efficiency map |
Olaniyi et al. (2018) | AHP | Nigeria | 7 | Interviews | Suitability of ecotourism national parks | Image classification accuracy using Kappa | On average both Parks have great ecotourism potential | Overall accuracy results showed \(K={86.00}{\%}\) and 85.63% | Model can be integrated into ecotourism clusters to realize tourism compatibility |
Dagistanli et al. (2018) | WLC-AHP | Turkey | 8 | Expert panels | Suitability of recreation sites | Image classification analysis using Kappa | \({33}{\%}\) zones obtained highly suitable scores | Overall classification accuracies greater than \(K={80.00}{\%}\) | Integrated model has ability to evaluate visitors demands and tendencies |
Merry et al. (2018) | Fuzzy | Jackson county, USA | 3 | Decision-making group | Suitability of motorized sightseeing recreation sites | Image classification analysis using Kappa | 89.639ha were highly suitable zones | Accuracy assessments greater than \(K={70.00}{\%}\) | Integrated method suitable in determining key information for regional and national recreation planning |
Samira et al. (2018) | Fuzzy-AHP | North Iran | 14 | Questionnaire | Evaluate potential of ecotourism mapping | Image classification analysis using Kappa | \({60.00}{\%}\) of basin area was most suitable for recreational activities | Overall accuracy result \(K={83.00}{\%}\) | Proposed methodology requires less cost and time |
Abdullah and Rafaai (2017) | AHP | Malaysia | 5 | Literature reviews, expert knowledge | Assess potential of recreational areas | N/A | \({81.00}{\%}\) of zones were most suitable | N/A | Vegetation cover considered an important criterion for forest ecosystem planning |
Aliani et al. (2017) | WLC-Fuzzy | North Iran | 16 | Questionnaire, literature review | Map ecotourism development | Survey conducted in terrain using GPS | 82,891.89ha of sites suitable for ecotourism | Comparison results were \({94}{\%}\) in accordance with ground realities | Model could simultaneously consider different criteria to find the best alternative decision problems |
Ahmad and Goparaju (2017) | AHP | India | 5 | Not indicated | Prioritize urban forest sites | Land-use/cover image was compared to the ground truth data using Kappa | \({27}{\%}\) of sites highly suitable | kappa accuracy \({0.87}{\%}\) | Process analysis helps analyze suitable sites for urban forest management |
Cuirong et al. (2016) | AHP | China | 12 | Expert consultations | Evaluate camping zones | N/A | \({64.09}{\%}\) of areas considered as potential sites for camping activities | N/A | Proposed analysis provides scientific and efficient work flow to evaluate appropriateness of other areas |
Gonzalez-Ramiro et al. (2016) | AHP | Extremadura Spain | 6 | Not indicated | Assessing the potential of rural tourism | N/A | Some municipalities were very suitable for rural tourism | N/A | Proposed tool offers free access to open source that can serve investment users for sustainable development |
Erfani et al. (Aug2015) | WLC | Iran | 12 | Questionnaire | Evaluate ecotourism zoning | N/A | 1344.39ha suitable for ecotourism | N/A | Methodology provides weighting of quantitative and qualitative criteria |
Store et al. (2015) | AHP | Different regions of Finland | 12 | Expert group opinions, questionnaires | Evaluate visual sensitivity map | Comparison between expert judgments and predicted sensitivity map applying CC calculus | Areas alongside water bodies and hill zones had high sensitivity rates | Comparison gave similar results with strong correlation coefficient (\(R^{2}=0.945\)) | Developed methodology useful in terms of cost efficiency and forest management |
Dhami et al. (2014) | AHP | West Virginia, USA | 6 | Self-administered questionnaire among visitor preferences | Map forest ecotourism areas | Technique was not cited | The most suitable area covered more than half of the total case study zone | Weighted ecotourism map more accurate than the unweighted one | Framework technique was promising using forest visitor preferences and helpful in terms of tourism development and forest conservation |
Zhang et al. (2013) | AHP | Meili Snow Mountain, China | 8 | Requirement workshops | Prioritize nature tourism sites | N/A | Fewer areas for recreational activities | N/A | Proposed approach helped to interact many different stakeholder needs |