Integration of field sampling and LiDAR data in forest inventories: comparison of area-based approach and (lognormal) universal kriging

Table 4 Final models for stand structure variables (Z variables) applying area-based approach (ABA) for stem density (N), basal area (BA), and quadratic mean diameter (QMD)

Z	Coefficients			SEE	Coefficients			SEE
Z	β₀	β₁	β₂	SEE	β₀	β₁	β₂	SEE
FMU 1					FMU 2
N	5.65	− 0.05	0.02	0.49	5.57	− 0.04	0.02	0.40
N	\( \mathrm{N}={e}^{\beta_0}\bullet {e}^{h_{50}\bullet {\beta}_1}\bullet {e}^{PFR_{A2}\bullet {\beta}_2}\bullet \mathrm{CF} \)			0.49	\( \mathrm{N}={e}^{\beta_0}\bullet {e}^{h_{\mathrm{mode}}\bullet {\beta}_1}\bullet {e}^{{\mathrm{PAR}}_{\mathrm{A}2}\bullet {\beta}_2}\bullet \mathrm{CF} \)			0.40
BA	2.54	0.03	0.01	0.24	15.18	0.88	1.36	7.54
BA	\( \mathrm{BA}={e}^{\beta_0}\bullet {e}^{h_{20}\bullet {\beta}_1}\bullet {e}^{{\mathrm{PFR}}_{\mathrm{A}2}\bullet {\beta}_2}\bullet CF \)			0.24	BA = β₀ + β₁ ∙ h_kurto +β₂ ∙ h₄₀			7.54
QMD	13.14	1.22	̶	6.64	12.75	1.42	̶	6.56
QMD	QMD = β₀ + β₁ ∙ h₄₀			6.64	QMD = β₀ + β₁ ∙ h₄₀			6.56
FMU 3					FMU 4
N	4.14	0.03	− 0.04	0.38	233.7	− 14.98	11.67	128
N	\( N={e}^{\beta_0}\bullet {e}^{h_{70}\bullet {\beta}_1}\bullet {e}^{{\mathrm{PFR}}_{\mathrm{A}2}\bullet {\beta}_2}\bullet CF \)			0.38	N = β₀ + β₁ ∙ h₉₅ + β₂ ∙ PAR_Ahmean			128
BA	1.63	0.02	0.03	0.23	− 3.53	4.75	0.63	8.16
BA	\( \mathrm{BA}={e}^{\beta_0}\bullet {e}^{h_{20}\bullet {\beta}_1}\bullet {e}^{{\mathrm{PFR}}_{\mathrm{A}2}\bullet {\beta}_2}\bullet \mathrm{CF} \)			0.23	BA = β₀ + β₁ ∙ h₀₅ + β₂ ∙ PFR_Ahmean			8.16
QMD	10.92	1.13	̶	6.17	20.08	1.52	̶	7.95
QMD	QMD = β₀ + β₁ ∙ h₇₀			6.17	QMD = β₀ + β₁ ∙ h₇₀			7.95

ISSN: 1297-966X