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Table 5 Spherical variogram model parameters and trend function coefficients with their respective p-values for stem density (N), basal area (BA), and quadratic mean diameter (QMD) in universal kriging models

From: Integration of field sampling and LiDAR data in forest inventories: comparison of area-based approach and (lognormal) universal kriging

Responsevariables

Auxiliaryvariables

βn

p-value

Nugget

Sill

Range

FMU 1

Log(N)

Intercept

5.65

0.50

0.15

0.07

141.15

h50

− 0.05

0.00

PFRA2

0.02

0.00

Log(BA)

Intercept

2.58

0.50

0.04

0.014

7297.63

h20

0.03

0.00

PFRA2

0.01

0.00

QMD

Intercept

13.04

0.50

40.92

2.07

1299.37

h40

1.23

0.00

FMU 2

Log(N)

Intercept

5.55

0.50

0.06

0.10

1540.77

hmode

− 0.04

0.00

PARA2

0.02

0.00

BA

Intercept

15.30

0.50

40.33

13.18

978.43

hkurto

0.85

0.00

h40

1.36

0.00

QMD

Intercept

8.50

0.50

15.80

49.57

4575.68

h40

1.70

0.00

FMU 3

Log(N)

Intercept

4.15

0.50

0.00

0.13

223.59

h70

− 0.04

0.00

   

PFRA2

0.03

0.00

Log(BA)

Intercept

1.67

0.50

0.04

0.004

3048.15

h20

0.03

0.00

PFRA2

0.02

0.00

QMD

Intercept

11.06

0.50

33.07

3.17

2645.53

h70

1.12

0.00

FMU 4

N

Intercept

259.46

0.50

10495.17

4200.22

2101.59

h95

− 16.11

0.014

PARAhmean

11.30

0.001

BA

Intercept

− 17.80

0.32

36.54

76.80

11556.32

h05

4.24

0.001

PFRAhmean

1.01

0.000

QMD

Intercept

18.52

0.50

32.06

26.50

2352.61

h70

1.67

0.00