Timber volume estimation based on airborne laser scanning — comparing the use of national forest inventory and forest management inventory data

Table 3 Model parameter estimates, root-mean-squared deviance (RMSD), and mean deviance (MD) (based on leave-one-out cross-validation) of the FMI models. ALS is airborne laser scanning. ALS metrics are explained in detail in Section 2.2

ALS								RMSD	MD
project	n	Explanatory variables^‡	β₀	β₁	β₂	β₃	β₄	(%)	(%)	R²

^‡ zmean = mean return height; zq* = *th percentile of return heights; d* = proportion of returns above the *th height bin; *_f = only using first returns; *_l = only using last returns; *_2m = applying a minimum return height threshold of 2 m

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