Genetic, geographic, and climatic factors jointly shape leaf morphology of an alpine oak, Quercus aquifolioides Rehder & E.H. Wilson

Table 8 Results of Mantel and partial Mantel tests of pairwise relations between genetic distance (F_ST/(1 − F_ST)), symmetric component, asymmetric component, and leaf size with geographic and environmental distances, using all samples. P < 0.001; P < 0.01; P < 0.05

	Fst/(1-Fst)		Symmetric component		Asymmetric component		Leaf size
	Mantel’s r	P	Mantel’s r	P	Mantel’s r	P	Mantel’s r	P
Mantel test
Geography	0.138	0.0642	0.133	0.0001***	0.035	0.0659	0.045	0.0199*
Climate	0.238	0.0302*	0.014	0.3174	− 0.029	0.8228	0.055	0.0336*
Partial Mantel test
Geography + condition (climate)	0.097	0.1393	0.134	0.0001***	0.043	0.0331*	0.032	0.0643
Climate + condition (geography)	0.218	0.0446*	− 0.020	0.7226	-0.039	0.8988	0.046	0.0665

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