Climate warming-induced replacement of mesic beech by thermophilic oak forests will reduce the carbon storage potential in aboveground biomass and soil

Kasper, Jan; Weigel, Robert; Walentowski, Helge; Gröning, Anja; Petritan, Any Mary; Leuschner, Christoph

doi:10.1007/s13595-021-01081-0

Annals of Forest Science

Table 2 Association of the investigated climatic and stand structural (a), organic layer (b) and mineral soil variables (c) with the DCA axes 1 and 2 (given are the direction cosines, and the corresponding R² and p values). The variables are ordered by decreasing R²; variables with significant association are printed in bold. For the soil chemical variables, either concentrations for mineral soil horizons (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm) or total pools (0–100 cm for mineral soil and total for organic layer) are given

From: Climate warming-induced replacement of mesic beech by thermophilic oak forests will reduce the carbon storage potential in aboveground biomass and soil

(a) Climatic and stand structural variables					(c) Mineral soil variables
Variables	Axis 1	Axis 2	R²	p value	Variables	Axis 1	Axis 2	R²	p value
Tmin [°C]	0.93	0.37	0.38	< 0.01	STN 10–20 cm [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.98	− 0.20	0.16	< 0.01
MWT [°C]	0.95	0.32	0.37	< 0.01	SOC 10–20 cm [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.76	− 0.65	0.16	< 0.01
Pmin [mm]	− 0.94	− 0.35	0.35	< 0.01	STN 0–10 cm [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.98	− 0.20	0.15	< 0.01
Tmax [°C]	0.98	0.22	0.34	< 0.01	SOC 0–10 cm [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.72	− 0.69	0.11	< 0.01
MST (BIO10) [°C]	0.97	0.23	0.34	< 0.01	CEC [mol_c kg⁻¹]	− 0.91	− 0.42	0.10	< 0.01
Elev. [m a.s.l.]	− 0.92	− 0.40	0.33	< 0.01	Ca⁺²_ex pool [kmol_c ha⁻¹]	− 0.89	0.46	0.10	< 0.01
MWP [mm]	− 1.00	0.03	0.22	< 0.01	SOC 20–40 cm [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.57	− 0.82	0.09	< 0.01
MSP (BIO18) [mm]	− 0.99	− 0.14	0.22	< 0.01	STN 20–40 cm [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.80	− 0.61	0.08	< 0.01
Pmax [mm]	− 1.00	− 0.07	0.21	< 0.01	SOC pool [Mg ha⁻¹]	− 0.99	− 0.13	0.07	< 0.01
Stem [ha⁻¹]	− 0.08	1.00	0.17	< 0.01	STN pool [Mg ha⁻¹]	− 0.88	0.47	0.07	< 0.01
AGC [Mg ha⁻¹]	− 0.32	− 0.95	0.14	< 0.01	Base saturation [%]	− 0.80	0.60	0.05	< 0.01
Tree vol. [m³ ha⁻¹]	− 0.94	− 0.34	0.12	< 0.01	P_av10–20 cm [mg kg⁻¹]	− 0.48	− 0.88	0.04	< 0.05
Basal area [m² ha⁻¹]	− 0.90	0.43	0.06	< 0.01	C/P 0–10 cm [g g⁻¹]	− 0.85	− 0.53	0.04	0.09
Slope [°]	− 0.22	0.98	0.01	0.21	N/P 0–10 cm [g g⁻¹]	− 0.82	− 0.57	0.03	0.17
Exposition [°]	0.26	0.96	0.01	0.34	P_av 0–10 cm [mg kg⁻¹]	− 0.26	− 0.97	0.03	0.05
					pH [H₂O]	− 0.66	0.75	0.03	< 0.05
(b) Organic layer variables					C/N 0–10 cm [g g⁻¹]	0.73	− 0.68	0.03	0.19
Variables	Axis 1	Axis 2	R²	p value	P_av pool [kg ha⁻¹]	− 0.44	− 0.90	0.03	0.06
OL N [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.72	− 0.70	0.06	< 0.01	P_av 20–40 cm [mg kg⁻¹]	− 0.33	− 0.94	0.03	0.05
OL Ca pool [kg ha⁻¹]	− 0.81	− 0.59	0.05	< 0.05	Silt [%]	− 0.98	− 0.18	0.02	0.18
OL N/P [g g⁻¹]	− 0.98	0.19	0.04	0.14	Sand [%]	1.00	0.08	0.02	0.53
OL Mg pool [kg ha⁻¹]	− 0.74	− 0.67	0.03	0.06	C/P 10–20 cm [g g⁻¹]	− 0.17	0.98	0.02	0.67
OL C [mg g⁻¹]	− 0.13	− 0.99	0.03	0.09	N/P 10–20 cm [g g⁻¹]	− 0.18	0.98	0.01	0.73
OL pH [H₂O]	− 0.66	0.75	0.03	0.05	C/N 10–20 cm [g g⁻¹]	0.53	− 0.85	0.01	0.83
OL C/P [g g⁻¹]	− 0.92	− 0.38	0.02	0.52	K⁺ _ex pool [kmol_c ha⁻¹]	− 0.30	0.95	0.01	0.54
OL C/N [g g⁻¹]	0.41	− 0.91	0.01	0.88	Mg⁺²_ex pool [kmol_c ha⁻¹]	− 0.42	0.91	0.01	0.83
OL C pool [Mg ha⁻¹]	− 0.74	− 0.68	0.01	0.77	C/N 20–40 cm [g g⁻¹]	0.12	− 0.99	0.01	0.99
OL P pool [kg ha⁻¹]	− 0.45	− 0.89	0.01	0.93	Clay [%]	0.69	0.72	0.00	0.89
OL N pool [kg ha⁻¹]	− 1.00	− 0.08	0.00	0.87	pAWC [%]	− 0.63	− 0.78	0.00	0.95
Org. matter [kg m⁻²]	− 0.99	− 0.13	0.00	0.99	N/P 20–40 cm [g g⁻¹]	0.38	− 0.93	0.00	1.00
OL K pool [kg ha⁻¹]	0.66	− 0.75	0.00	1.00	C/P 20–40 cm [g g⁻¹]	0.72	0.69	0.00	1.00

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