Table 5 General mean ± standard error (SE) of (A) growth, phenology, branchiness, and leaf and wood traits measured in 2010 (at the end of the first SRC rotation or the end of the second year in SRF) and (B) growth and leaf traits measured in 2012 (at the end of the second SRC rotation or the end of the fourth year in SRF) for the two black locust provenances, ‘Nagybudmerii’ and ‘Nyirseg,’ and the two planting densities (SRC/SRF). n = 10 individuals per provenance and per planting density, except for Height, Circ., Biomass, and Yield: n = 150 individuals per provenance for the SRF or n = 400 for the SRC

dHt/d t (cm day⁻¹)

0.65 ± 0.11

0.57 ± 0.11

0.70 ± 0.10

0.76 ± 0.14

dnl/d t (leaves day⁻¹)

0.13 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.02

0.16 ± 0.02

0.15 ± 0.02

Height (cm)

199.5 ± 9.9

187.6 ± 22.0

132.0 ± 2.0

144.5 ± 26.5

Circ. (mm)

92.6 ± 7.8

97.0 ± 8.2

114.6 ± 7.5

113.1 ± 11.6

Biomass (g_DW)

504.7 ± 54.3

470.3 ± 54.0

Yield (t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹)

1.51 ± 0.16

1.41 ± 0.16

-

-

Bud burst (day of year)

92.2 ± 2.1

97.3 ± 2.6

95.1 ± 2.9

93.4 ± 1.9

Bud set (day of year)

268.2 ± 3.5

258.4 ± 3.9

268.9 ± 4.4

262.4 ± 5.7

GSL (days)

175.7 ± 4.4

162.0 ± 4.3

176.1 ± 7.3

168.4 ± 7.3

LA (cm²)

122.0 ± 15.9

133.4 ± 12.0

107.3 ± 8.2

137.9 ± 12.2

SLA (cm² g⁻¹)

143.5 ± 4.6

130.7 ± 14.8

149.6 ± 5.4

144.9 ± 6.7

N_leaf (mg g⁻¹)

41.5 ± 1.9

41.0 ± 1.4

39.7 ± 2.5

40.1 ± 2.5

C/N

11.7 ± 0.5

12.0 ± 0.4

12.4 ± 0.8

12.2 ± 0.7

Δ¹³C leaf (‰)

16.4 ± 0.4

16.9 ± 0.5

17.7 ± 0.5

16.7 ± 0.3

N_stem (mg g⁻¹)

9.6 ± 0.6

9.7 ± 0.5

-

-

C/N

50.5 ± 3.9

48.4 ± 2.4

-

-

N_removal (kg N ha⁻¹ an⁻¹)

15.5 ± 3.2

20.6 ± 3.8

-

-

Δ¹³C wood (‰)

16.9 ± 0.2

17.6 ± 0.4

-

-

Sylleptic number

8.9 ± 1.7

8.5 ± 2.1

10.7 ± 1.6

11.2 ± 1.6

Height (cm)

381.0 ± 12.6

318.4 ± 26.1

377.0 ± 15.0

334.5 ± 68.5

Circ. (mm)

83.5 ± 1.8

69.2 ± 1.9

159.6 ± 5.6

144.4 ± 6.4

Biomass (g_DW)

1634.4 ± 95.3

1328.0 ± 90.5

Yield (t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹)

2.43 ± 0.14

1.97 ± 0.13

-

-

LA (cm²)

167.2 ± 32.9

192.0 ± 38.1

186.5 ± 27.9

168.6 ± 18.2

SLA (cm² g⁻¹)

126.4 ± 10.7

133.8 ± 10.4

138.0 ± 6.1

118.4 ± 10.3

N_leaf (mg g⁻¹)

41.6 ± 1.9

34.2 ± 2.6

42.6 ± 8.3

43.8 ± 4.2

C/N

11.1 ± 0.8

13.3 ± 1.3

11.4 ± 2.0

10.8 ± 1.1

Δ¹³C leaf (‰)

16.9 ± 0.6

17.9 ± 1.0

18.5 ± 0.9

17.9 ± 0.9