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Fig. 1 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 1

From: Reduction of growth stresses in logs of Hieronyma alchorneoides Allemão from fast-growth plantations using steaming and heating: effects on the quality of lumber

Fig. 1

Longitudinal surface growth residual stresses (LRGS) on the surface of logs or cambial zone measured in a standing tree (a), representation diagram of centre deflection measuring of micro-strain by knife cut (b), logs located in a steam or heat chamber (c), sawlog crooking (d) and semi-log crooking (e) due to sawing

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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X