Table 1 Stand characteristics of the study plots
S1 | S2 | S3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
Community type | Spruce forest | Spruce forest | Spruce forest |
Altitude (m) | 2600 | 2900 | 3200 |
Aspect (°) | SE10 | SE10 | SE20 |
Slope (°) | 15 | 25 | 25 |
Soil type | Dark brown soil | Dark brown soil | Dark brown soil |
Mean annual temperature (°C) | 4.4 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
Mean annual precipitation (mm) | 700 | 780 | 825 |
Average height (m) | 17 | 12 | 5 |
Average DBH (cm) | 40 | 27 | 6.5 |
Woody plant density (trees hm−2) | 578 | 602 | 403 |
Plant coverage | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 |