Fig. 10

Violins and boxplots displaying differences in reproductive trees (n = 451) among stages of forest expansion and at sites for the following variables: tree age (a, f), number of stems per tree (b, g), quadratic diameter (QD, c, h), height (d, i), and crown diameter (e, j). The capital letters indicate significant differences among stages of forest expansion or at sites, while the lowercase letters indicate significant differences between sexes obtained in post-hoc tests from LMMs (Table 4)