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Table 1 Forest floor CO2 efflux (Rf), CO2 efflux with no vegetation (Rnv), percentage contribution of Rnv to Rf, and percentage herbaceous coverage of the measured area on the control (C), harvested (H), and harvested-raked (HR) plots during three seasons. Harvest was carried out at the beginning of 2018. Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference between control and harvested plots (p < 0.05)

From: Effect of tree harvest, silvopastoral practices, and microclimate conditions on forest floor CO2 efflux in a sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. [Matt.] Liebl.) forest

Year

Date

Rf (± SD, (µmolCO2 m−2 s−1)

Rnv (µmolCO2 m−2 s−1)

% Rnv

Vegetation coverage (± SE, %)

  

C

H

HR

H

HR

H

HR

H

HR

2017

26 Jun

3.32 (± 0.59)

2.91 (± 0.53)

3.04 (± 0.48)

    

0

0

7 Aug

3.05 (± 0.46)

2.77 (± 0.19)

3.01 (± 0.31)

    

0

0

29 Aug

1.42 (± 0.05)

1.25 (± 0.09)

1.26 (± 0.15)

    

0

0

2018

23 Apr

3.18 (± 0.46)

4.12 (± 0.43)*

3.59 (± 0.30)

4.12

3.60

100.0

100.0

0

0

21 May

4.99 (± 0.54)

4.70 (± 0.54)

4.47 (± 0.84)

4.52

4.22

96.0

94.2

6.16 (± 1.44)

4.19 (± 0.99)

15 Jun

3.36 (± 0.06)

4.12 (± 0.57)*

3.84 (± 0.90)

3.69

3.25

89.6

85.2

11.4 (± 2.56)

17.4 (± 3.54)

20 Jul

1.91 (± 0.23)

3.33 (± 0.50)*

3.31 (± 0.64)

2.95

2.66

88.4

80.0

10.5 (± 2.32)

14.7 (± 2.54)

16 Aug

1.14 (± 0.37)

1.51 (± 0.30)

1.38 (± 0.26)

1.41

1.43

92.2

103.7

16.5 (± 3.34)

8.99 (± 1.57)

5 Sep

7.05 (± 0.31)

4.98 (± 0.62)*

5.64 (± 0.67)

4.70

5.48

93.9

97.2

16.5 (± 2.77)

21.6 (± 3.86)

18 Sep

4.41 (± 0.68)

3.76 (± 0.59)

3.60 (± 0.66)

3.35

3.42

88.9

95.2

16.5 (± 2.77)

21.6 (± 3.86)

15 Oct

1.34 (± 0.34)

1.92 (± 0.60)

1.57 (± 0.44)

1.92

1.58

100.0

100.0

0

0

2019

30 Apr

2.44 (± 0.59)

4.85 (± 0.87)*

4.71 (± 0.94)

2.97

3.34

65.9

70.7

59.4 (± 0)

52.7 (± 0)

30 May

3.04 (± 0.91)

6.32 (± 1.51)*

5.56 (± 1.28)

3.74

2.79

66.4

51.5

69.8 (± 3.68)

80.1 (± 3.12)

26 Jun

5.39 (± 0.87)

9.22 (± 2.22)*

11.0 (± 1.84)

5.57

7.57

60.6

68.1

61.4 (± 3.99)

82.1 (± 2.93)

26 Jul

2.11 (± 0.30)

3.20 (± 0.59)*

3.22 (± 0.63)

2.21

2.51

71.1

77.8

32.1 (± 3.69)

40.2 (± 3.58)

27 Aug

4.08 (± 0.69)

5.53 (± 0.57)*

5.53 (± 0.80)

4.95

5.11

90.5

92.4

25.2 (± 3.54)

22.4 (± 2.88)

24 Sep

1.74 (± 0.30)

2.49 (± 0.54)*

2.67 (± 0.57)

1.98

2.50

79.9

92.3

33.6 (± 3.81)

36.8 (± 3.57)