Table 1 Statistics between timings of satellite-based greenup and senescence and temperature-based estimates of start and end of the thermal growing season (TGSstart and TGSend, respectively). “Spring” values are calculated using timings of the greenup and the TGSstart, and “Autumn” values using timings of the senescence and the TGSend. Abbreviations: N is the number of plots with valid annual data, RMSE root mean square error (days), and R2 correlation coefficient