Environmental variables | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sand % | 38.2 ± 10.3 a | 29.9 ± 8.7 ab | 31.6 ± 6.5 ab | 27.7 ± 7.9 b |
Silt % | 30.6 ± 5.9 a | 31.7 ± 3.8 a | 31.6 ± 4.9 a | 33.7 ± 6.1 a |
Clay % | 31.1 ± 5.7 b | 38.3 ± 4.1 a | 37.4 ± 3.3 a | 38.7 ± 2.5 a |
Organic carbon % | 2.7 ± 1.5 b | 3.7 ± 1.0 a | 3.8 ± 1.4 a | 2.9 ± 0.6 ab |
pH | 7.7 ± 0.3 a | 7.5 ± 0.4 a | 7.5 ± 0.3 a | 7.4 ± 0.3 a |
Total N | 0.24 ± 0.11 a | 0.31 ± 0.09 a | 0.30 ± 0.09 a | 0.25 ± 0.07 a |
Available P (mg/kgsoil) | 5.6 ± 2.3 ab | 8.9 ± 5.0 a | 7.5 ± 2.3 ab | 4.7 ± 2.3 b |
Available K (mg/kgsoil) | 245 ± 61 b | 379 ± 70 a | 354 ± 72 a | 391 ± 60 a |
Litter depth (cm) | 0.6 ± 0.2 b | 1.4 ± 0.4 a | 1.6 ± 0.3 a | 0.5 ± 0.0 b |
Humus depth (cm) | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.4 ± 0.3 a | 0.6 ± 0.3 a | 0.0 ± 0.1 b |
Litter coverage % | 28 ± 11 b | 54 ± 16 a | 69 ± 25 a | 24 ± 5 b |
Tree crown cover % | 41 ± 22 a | 35 ± 16 a | 48 ± 27 a | 3 ± 4 b |
Shrub crown cover % | 29 ± 17 b | 60 ± 21 a | 62 ± 21 a | 18 ± 24 b |
Ground vegetation cover % | 43 ± 27 b | 42 ± 22 b | 43 ± 18 b | 100 ± 0 a |
Moss coverage % | 35 ± 29 a | 30 ± 25 a | 17 ± 21 a | 25 ± 7 a |
Altitude (m a.s.l) | 791 ± 30 a | 809 ± 37 ab | 831 ± 31 bc | 851 ± 10 c |
Aspect (degree) | 106 ± 23 a | 85 ± 38 a | 77 ± 40 a | 81 ± 20 a |
Slope % | 64 ± 17 a | 34 ± 15 b | 30 ± 13 b | 58 ± 22 a |