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Table 2 Descriptive statistics of bark stripping wounds (mean ± standard deviation)

From: Position, size, and spatial patterns of bark stripping wounds inflicted by red deer (Cervus elavus L.) on Norway spruce using generalized additive models in Austria

No.

n (Damage)

Length

Width

Height

Area

Relative width

Angle

(cm)

(cm)

(cm)

(cm2)

(-)

(°)

1

541

37.1 ± 23.1

14.2 ± 6.8

119.1 ± 20.8

609.6 ± 636.9

0.174 ± 0.093

50.8 ± 79.4

2

62

17.5 ± 10.6

7.4 ± 5.2

119.9 ± 27.6

160.3 ± 257.0

0.110 ± 0.058

− 22.3 ± 54.1

3

1121

33.7 ±25.0

12.7 ± 5.9

123.2 ± 28.0

505.6 ± 643.3

0.176 ± 0.095

− 26.2 ± 79,7

4

141

23.5 ± 23.5

9.5 ± 4.8

107.5 ± 25.6

289.6 ± 457.7

0.155 ± 0.088

− 7.2 ± 59.8

5

837

33.3 ± 25.2

10.6 ± 5.5

120.6 ± 22.7

431.0 ± 527.9

0.195 ± 0.106

50.8 ± 62.8

6

256

28.5 ± 21.3

11.1 ± 5.5

123.2 ± 27.9

392.8 ± 614.2

0.192 ± 0.106

− 43.7 ± 112.1

7

215

33.6 ± 19.9

11.9 ± 6.3

124.2 ± 31.6

445.6 ± 386.6

0.173 ± 0.108

− 137.2 ± 146.3

8

405

27.5 ± 18.4

10.6 ± 5.4

113.8 ± 29.3

344.6 ± 379.4

0.189 ± 0.090

1.91 ± 81.6

9

254

25.7 ± 14.6

9.5 ± 4.6

106.3 ± 28.7

263.3 ± 244.3

0.121 ± 0.062

− 21.0 ± 95.5

Total

3832

31.9 ± 31.2

11.7 ± 6.0

119.4 ± 26.8

446.5 ± 558.1

0.177 ± 0.098

− 1.9 ± 97.3

  1. n (Damage) = Number of measured damages. Length wound length, Width wound width, Height mad of wound centre above ground, Area wound area, Relative width = Wound width divided by stem circumference; Angle = Deviation of the wound direction from the slope line