Table 1 Trait definition and mixed models used to estimate provenance effects

Annual girth increment between 10 and 20 years

aCIRC10-20

[1] + [3]

Girth at 10 years

CIRC10

[1] + [2] continuous trait

Bud burst (score) at 3 years

DEB3

[4]

Total height at 4 years

HT4

[1] + [2] continuous trait

Total height at 10 years

HT10

[1] + [2] continuous trait

Total height at 20 years^a

HT20

[1] + [2] continuous trait

Survival at 10 years

SURV10

[2] discrete trait

Stem shape at 10 years

SHP10

[4]

Stem shape at 20 years

SHP20

[4]