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Table 4 Nutrient removal (kg ha-1 yr-1) for stem only harvest and whole tree harvest at final felling, for given yield classes (max. average increment, m3 ha-1 yr-1), average stem harvest over the rotation (m3 ha-1 yr-1), rotation length (yr) and biomass expansion factors at final felling (BEF) for branch wood (-). The table also gives foliage removal at final felling of Scots pine, Douglas fir and Norway spruce when applying whole tree harvest (103 kg dm ha-1)

From: Impacts of harvesting methods on nutrient removal in Dutch forests exposed to high-nitrogen deposition

Spec.

Yield class

Stem harvest

Rotation length

BEF branch wood

Foliage removal

Nutrient removal for stem only harvest

(kg ha-1 yr-1)

Nutrient removal for whole tree harvest

(kg ha-1 yr-1)

m3 ha-1 yr-1

yr

(-)

103 kg dm ha-1

N

P

S

Ca

K

Mg

N

P

S

Ca

K

Mg

Larch

10

7.8

80

0.20

 

5.2

0.18

0.29

1.3

1.2

0.32

6.4

0.27

0.37

1.9

1.7

0.46

Spruce

12

12

80

0.16

9.2

6.8

0.26

0.35

6.2

2.5

0.83

10

0.51

0.58

7.4

3.6

1.1

Fir

16

12

100

0.17

12.9

7.4

0.27

0.40

2.1

2.4

0.46

11.3

0.49

0.66

3.4

3.7

0.79

Pine

8

6.7

100

0.18

3.7

4.6

0.20

0.28

2.2

1.3

0.46

6.1

0.29

0.39

2.7

1.9

0.58

Birch

6

5.7

90

0.15

 

6.3

0.27

0.30

2.3

1.8

0.75

7.3

0.33

0.36

2.7

2.0

0.86

Beech

6

6.0

100

0.16

 

7.9

0.35

0.48

4.8

3.4

0.91

8.9

0.42

0.53

5.2

3.7

1.0

Oak

6

5.9

100

0.16

 

9.5

0.28

0.59

5.6

2.7

0.54

11

0.34

0.67

6.1

3.1

0.65

Av.

     

6.8

0.3

0.4

3.5

2.2

0.6

8.7

0.4

0.5

4.2

2.8

0.8