Fig. 3

(a) Species richness (S), (b) true diversity (¹D), (c) equitability index (E), and (d) functional dispersion index (Fdis) of understory plant communities in southern Quebec, as a function of regeneration treatments. CON: controls; SIN: single-tree selection cut; GRP: group-selection cut; GRPS: group-selection cut with scarification. Means with different letters significantly differ following pairwise Tukey’s tests (P < 0.05). Box-and-whisker plots in each panel display 25th and 75th percentiles (the inter-quartile range from the lower and upper edges of the box), the horizontal lines within boxes indicate the 50th percentiles (medians), and bullets within boxes indicate means; whiskers below and above boxes indicate 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively, beyond which dots indicate outliers (values > 1.5 × IQR)