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Table 1 Individual environmental performance traits that were included in the analysis

From: Increasing the intensity of regeneration treatments decreased beta diversity of temperate hardwood forest understory 20 years after disturbance

Trait

Description of trait

Biological type

Qualitative variable: evergreen, deciduous, shrub, bush, sporophyte, monocot, graminaceae, asterales, other herbaceous plant.

Reproductive mode

Qualitative variable: mainly asexual, mainly sexual, asexual and sexual.

Shade tolerance

Qualitative variable: shade-intolerant, intermediate tolerance, shade-tolerant.