Table 4 Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) of species assemblage and biological type assemblage across treatments, sites and their interaction followed by multiple comparisons (Tukey HSD tests) of species assemblage and biological type assemblage among treatments

Source

R²

P

R²

P

Treatments

0.07

< 0.001

0.10

< 0.001

Sites

0.44

< 0.001

0.35

< 0.001

Treatments × sites

0.10

0.046

0.13

0.050

Error

0.39

0.42

Pairs of treatments

P

P adj.

P

P adj.

CON vs SIN

0.442

1.000

0.212

1.000

CON vs GRP

0.133

0.798

0.030

0.180

CON vs GRPS

0.008

0.048

0.004

0.024

SIN vs GRP

0.261

1.000

0.156

0.936

SIN vs GRPS

0.012

0.072

0.018

0.108

GRP vs GRPS

0.164

0.984

0.295

1.000