Fig. 1
From: Tree stumps — an important but undervalued dead wood pool
Measurements on stumps in the NFI5: Dtop, diameter at the top of the stump; Dhh, diameter at half of the maximum height, i.e., in case of uneven soil surfaces, the height on the side facing downslope; Hdowns, on uneven surface the maximum height; Hups, on uneven surfaces the minimum height (on even surfaces Hdowns = Hups); VOLred, estimated % missing volume due to cavities or in cases of uneven upper stump parts. Derived variables: Dg, diameter at upslope ground level; Dbase, diameter at the base of the stump; and Vbg, volume of the stump that is below ground