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Table 4 Strata, number of sampling plots, mean values (mean), and standard deviations (SD) of the analyzed forest structural variables of the German biodiversity exploratories project

From: Linking structure and species richness to support forest biodiversity monitoring at large scales

Stratum

Number of sampling plots

FSI

mean (SD)

DBHq

mean (SD)

DBH sd

mean (SD)

Height sd

mean (SD)

SRreg

mean (SD)

Vol40

mean (SD)

Bark

mean (SD)

Flower

mean (SD)

DW

Standing

mean (SD)

DW

Downed

mean (SD)

Decay classes

mean (SD)

SR

mean (SD)

Biodiversity exploratories

150

0..38 (0..12)

32.10 (11.80)

13.11 (6.23)

6.84 (1.70)

2.84 (1.70)

258.74 (201.16)

9.09 (4.70)

4.87 (2.33)

27.35 (25.28)

27.59 (13.11)

1.98 (1.06)

5.95 (2.75)

Schorfheide

50

0.39 (0.15)

37.04 (12.04)

13.45 (6.53)

6.58 (1.75)

2.16 (1.53)

250.95 (217.25)

7.40 (3.93)

4.20 (2.09)

25.28 (27.19)

24.70 (13.44)

1.74 (1.05)

5.14 (2.29)

Hainich

50

0.48 (0.12)

31.05 (10.57)

15.02 (5.61)

7.38 (1.62)

3.28 (1.58)

320.78 (173.59)

9.48 (4.60)

5.12 (2.11)

27.58 (27.89)

30.08 (13.51)

2.14 (1.07)

5.88 (2.19)

Swabian Alb

50

0.39 (0.14)

28.23 (11.19)

10.85 (5.93)

6.56 (1.62)

3.08 (1.78)

204.47 (196.76)

10.38 (5.09)

5.30 (2.65)

29.19 (20.46)

27.99 (12.02)

2.06 (1.04)

6.82 (3.40)

Broadleaf-dominated stands

112

0.41 (0.10)

32.98 (12.72)

14.72 (6.19)

7.24 (1.70)

2.77 (1.61)

276.68 (200.43)

8.81 (4.37)

4.99 (2.18)

31.61 (25.97)

30.11 (11.95)

2.14 (1.01)

5.97 (2.61)

Coniferous-dominated stands

38

0.42 (0.20)

29.54 (8.14)

8.36 (3.23)

5.66 (1.02)

3.05 (1.93)

205.85 (196.42)

9.89 (5.57)

4.53 (2.74)

14.81 (18.29)

20.17 (13.72)

1.50 (1.06)

5.87 (3.16)

Beech-dominated stands

105

0.41 (0.11)

32.71 (13.00)

14.72 (6.36)

7.25 (1.75)

2.84 (1.61)

271.65 (203.94)

8.82 (4.49)

4.96 (2.23)

32.18 (26.19)

30.36 (12.27)

2.15 (1.04)

5.97 (2.68)

Spruce-dominated stands

16

0.44 (0.20)

32.25 (7.22)

8.89 (2.51)

5.90 (0.64)

3.50 (2.22)

286.80 (238.64)

11.63 (6.09)

5.56 (2.73)

16.99 (18.20)

25.12 (11.54)

1.81 (0.91)

6.94 (3.21)

Pine-dominated stands

22

0.42 (0.24)

27.56 (8.36)

7.97 (3.68)

5.49 (1.21)

2.73 (1.67)

146.98 (136.66)

8.64 (4.92)

3.77 (2.54)

13.23 (18.61)

16.57 (14.30)

1.27 (1.12)

5.09 (2.96)

Mature stands

86

0.42 (0.08)

39.12 (8.35)

16.74 (4.76)

7.59 (1.51)

2.87 (1.64)

376.56 (169.02)

8.20 (4.12)

4.80 (2.15)

32.89 (26.95)

31.47 (10.34)

2.17 (0.90)

5.47 (2.11)

Immature stands

36

0.45 (0.17)

29.46 (4.92)

8.82 (2.58)

5.87 (0.72)

3.36 (1.74)

157.63 (113.72)

9.47 (4.85)

4.72 (2.19)

19.46 (18.66)

22.16 (11.96)

1.72 (1.00)

5.69 (2.75)

Pole wood stands

14

0.33 (0.24)

14.33 (2.15)

4.72 (1.14)

4.94 (0.91)

1.93 (1.21)

8.97 (19.86)

10.07 (5.64)

5.14 (3.37)

12.26 (20.89)

12.48 (17.74)

0.93 (1.38)

6.64 (3.95)

Beech-dominated mature stands managed

55

0.41 (0.07)

39.99 (7.58)

17.58 (4.59)

7.99 (1.64)

2.95 (1.26)

303.09 (167.11)

6.56 (3.03)

4.02 (1.68)

31.45 (30.77)

33.15 (10.43)

2.07 (0.96)

4.68 (1.69)

Beech-dominated mature stands unmanaged

25

0.48 (0.09)

39.63 (10.77)

18.78 (4.22)

7.72 (1.39)

2.84 (1.91)

485.96 (125.22)

9.40 (4.73)

5.68 (2.38)

41.31 (23.50)

31.67 (11.72)

2.48 (0.92)

6.04 (2.30)

  1. FSI Forest Structure Index, DBHq quadratic mean diameter at breast height (DBH), DBHsd standard deviation of the DBH (for trees with a DBH ≥ 7 cm), HEIGHTsd standard deviation of the tree height (for trees with a DBH ≥ 7 cm), SRreg species richness of the regeneration layer, Vol40 volume per hectare of trees with a DBH ≥ 40 cm, Bark diversity of bark-types (for more information see Storch et al. 2018), Flower diversity of flowering trees (for more information see Storch et al. 2018), DW standing mean diameter at breast height of standing dead trees, DW downed mean diameter in the middle of downed deadwood, Decay classes number of decay classes, SR species richness of trees with a DBH ≥ 7 cm, Biodiversity exploratories all forest sampling plots of the German Biodiversity-Exploratories, Schorfheide Region of Brandenburg, Hainich region of Thuringia, Swabian Alb region of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Broadleaf-dom. stands stands dominated by broadleaf tree species, Coniferous-dom. stands stands dominated by coniferous tree species, Beech-dom. stands stands dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Spruce-dom. stands stands dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Pine-dom. stands stands dominated by Scotspine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Mature stands stands of developmental stage mature (mean DBH > 30 cm), Immature stands stands of developmental stage immature (mean DBH 15–30 cm); Pole wood stands stands of developmental stage pole wood (mean DBH 7–14.9 cm), Beech-dom. mature stands managed managed stands dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica) of developmental stage mature (mean DBH > 30 cm), Beech-dom. mature stands unmanaged unmanaged stands dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica) of developmental stage mature (mean DBH > 30 cm)