Table 2 Assessment for a 5-ha stand of European beech throughout the entire forest production cycle. Energy summary indicators are cumulated values, whereas the other indicator values are means or ranges per silvicultural intervention. Thinning phase: 36–90 years of stand age; harvesting phase: 99–111 years of stand age
| Â | Wood fuel demand: | High | Moderate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale of production: | Large | Small | Large | Small | |
Energy summary | |||||
 Energy (LHV) delivered | kWh ha−1 | 1,598,635 | 1,243,606 | 443,693 | 419,558 |
 Ash content (delivered) | kg ha−1 | 2322 | 1756 | 606 | 566 |
 Energy consumed | kWh ha−1 | 93,661 | 81,086 | 28,510 | 27,916 |
Wood fuel quality | |||||
 Energy (LHV) per biomass | kWh t−1 | 3105 | 3105 | 3104 | 3104 |
 Ash concentration | g kg−1 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.4 |
EROI | |||||
 Forest production cycle | no unit | 22.2 | 23.3 | 19.6 | 19.0 |
 Thinning phase (min-max) | no unit | 7.6–28.7 | 6.3–31.4 | 7.6–7.6 | 6.3–6.3 |
 Final harvesting (min-max) | no unit | 28.5–29.0 | 31.5–31.7 | 23.4–23.7 | 23.2–23.2 |
BENE | |||||
 Fresh mass | kg MWh−1 | 488 | 358 | 488 | 358 |
 Dry mass | kg MWh−1 | 244 | 234 | 244 | 234 |
 Carbon (C) | kg MWh−1 | 116 | 112 | 116 | 112 |
 Nitrogen (N) | g MWh−1 | 405 | 336 | 327 | 303 |
 Sulphur (S) | g MWh−1 | 40 | 36 | 36 | 34 |
 Phosphorus (P) | g MWh−1 | 37 | 30 | 30 | 28 |
 Potassium (K) | g MWh−1 | 347 | 318 | 325 | 309 |
 Calcium (Ca) | g MWh−1 | 338 | 320 | 315 | 304 |
 Magnesium (Mg) | g MWh−1 | 57 | 54 | 55 | 53 |
 Manganese (Mn) | g MWh−1 | 55 | 52 | 53 | 51 |
BEWE | h MWh−1 | 0.34 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.78 |