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Table 4 Correlation matrix between seed traits and climatic variables associated with population sites. R = Pearson’s linear-correlation coefficients. R values in bold indicate adjusted P values < 0.05. Ga, germination asynchrony; Q, quartile; t50, germination time, R, rainfall; SE, shoot emergence; T, temperature; Tb, base temperature for germination

From: Intraspecific variation of Quercus ilex L. seed morphophysiological traits in Tunisia reveals a trade-off between seed germination and shoot emergence rates along a thermal gradient

 

T mean

T range

T mean wettest-Q

T mean coldest-Q

R mean

R mean wettest-Q

R mean coldest-Q

R mean driest-Q

Acorn length

0.13

0.22

0.12

0.14

0.34

0.35

0.35

 − 0.09

Acorn width

0.02

0.29

0.03

0.02

0.05

0.04

0.04

0.04

Pericarp thickness

0.07

 − 0.25

0.11

0.10

 − 0.27

 − 0.26

 − 0.26

 − 0.06

Pericarp dry mass

 − 0.09

 − 0.06

 − 0.06

 − 0.05

0.27

0.27

0.27

 − 0.01

Pericarp water content

0.42

0.07

0.46

0.40

 − 0.32

 − 0.28

 − 0.29

 − 0.25

Seed dry mass

 − 0.07

0.23

 − 0.06

 − 0.05

0.32

0.30

0.30

0.07

Seed water content

0.57

 − 0.07

0.64

0.59

 − 0.16

 − 0.06

 − 0.06

 − 0.58

Pericarp/acorn mass ratio

0.02

 − 0.57

0.06

0.07

 − 0.10

 − 0.06

 − 0.06

 − 0.16

t50-5 °C

0.60

 − 0.16

0.69

0.63

 − 0.25

 − 0.14

 − 0.14

 − 0.61

Ga-5 °C

0.58

0.09

0.53

0.52

 − 0.52

 − 0.48

 − 0.48

 − 0.33

t50-9 °C

0.12

 − 0.48

0.12

0.18

 − 0.25

 − 0.20

 − 0.20

 − 0.21

Ga-9 °C

0.32

 − 0.31

0.29

0.32

 − 0.34

 − 0.27

 − 0.27

 − 0.38

t50-13 °C

 − 0.03

 − 0.06

 − 0.03

0.01

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.12

Ga-13 °C

 − 0.19

 − 0.16

 − 0.18

 − 0.14

0.18

0.14

0.14

0.23

t50-17 °C

 − 0.06

 − 0.66

 − 0.04

0.01

 − 0.20

 − 0.16

 − 0.15

 − 0.15

Ga-17 °C

0.11

 − 0.35

0.06

0.11

 − 0.39

 − 0.37

 − 0.37

 − 0.10

t50-21 °C

 − 0.20

 − 0.64

 − 0.15

 − 0.12

 − 0.10

 − 0.07

 − 0.07

 − 0.02

Ga-21 °C

0.30

 − 0.30

0.29

0.36

0.10

0.14

0.14

 − 0.27

t50-acorn-13 °C

0.23

 − 0.46

0.34

0.32

0.01

0.10

0.09

 − 0.45

Ga-acorn-13 °C

0.30

 − 0.13

0.36

0.34

 − 0.08

 − 0.02

 − 0.02

 − 0.36

t50-SE-13 °C

 − 0.46

0.15

 − 0.47

 − 0.46

0.07

 − 0.02

 − 0.02

0.54

Ga-SE-13 °C

 − 0.68

0.34

 − 0.66

 − 0.71

0.14

0.03

0.03

0.70

Tb

0.42

0.35

0.39

0.41

0.08

0.10

0.10

 − 0.22

WC50

0.65

 − 0.20

0.72

0.66

 − 0.56

 − 0.46

 − 0.46

 − 0.62