Table 2 List of diagnostic species for topographic positions (S: south-facing slope, B: bottom, and N: N-facing slope) in dolines. Within blocks, species are listed by decreasing values of the phi (Φ) coefficient. Fidelity values (Φ × 100) of beech forest species, oak forest species, and species of disturbed forests are indicated with superscripts b, o, and d, respectively. Non-diagnostic species were excluded with Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05)

Melica uniflora^o

47.9

Carex pilosa^b

41.4

Veronica chamaedrys^o

36.4

Euphorbia amygdaloides^b

28.1

Fragaria vesca^o

27.9

Vinca minor^b

27.9

Carex sylvatica^b

24.0

Milium effusum^b

22.2

Hypericum hirsutum^o

21.8

Calamagrostis epigejos^d

20.9

Dactylis polygama^o

20.9

Dactylis glomerata^d

19.5

Festuca drymeja^b

19.3

Ajuga reptans^o

17.2

Viola alba^o

16.9

Symphytum tuberosum^o

16.4

Carex digitata^b

14.7

Rumex sanguineus^b

14.7

Torilis japonica^d

14.7

Athyrium flix-femina^b

33.0

Circaea lutetiana^b

24.7

Dryopteris filix-mas^b

20.1

Lamium maculatum^b

19.7

Veronica montana^b

15.4

Hedera helix^b

24.6

Lamium galeobdolon s.l.^b

18.1