Two decades of epidemiological surveillance of the pine wood nematode in France reveal its absence despite suitable conditions for its establishment

Mariette, Nicolas; Hotte, Hoël; Chappé, Anne-Marie; Grosdidier, Marie; Anthoine, Géraldine; Sarniguet, Corinne; Colnard, Odile; Kersaudy, Emmanuel; Paris, Marie-Thérèse; Koen, Emmanuel; Folcher, Laurent

doi:10.1186/s13595-023-01186-8

Annals of Forest Science

Table 3 European distribution, reported hosts and insect vectors of the Bursaphelenchus species sampled during the monitoring of PWN in metropolitan France from 2000 to 2019

From: Two decades of epidemiological surveillance of the pine wood nematode in France reveal its absence despite suitable conditions for its establishment

*Bursaphelenchus* species	Original description	*Bursaphelenchus* group (sensu Braasch et al. 2009)	Country	Host	Insect vector	Reference
B. abietinus	Braasch & Schmutzenhofer (2000)	abietinus	Austria	Abies alba	Pityokteines spinidens, P. curvidens, P. voronzowi	Schmutzenhofer (1981), Braasch & Schmutzenhofer (2000) In Braasch (2001)
			France	*Pinus sylvestris, P. pinaster*		This work
			Italy	Abies alba		Torrini et al. (2020)
			Romania	Picea abies		Calin et al. (2015)
B. eggersi	Rühm (1956)	eggersi	Austria		Hylurgops palliatus	Tomisczek (2000) In Torrini et al. (2000)
			France	Pinus sylvestris		This work
			Germany	Pinus sylvestris, P. strobus, Picea exelsa, Larix leptolepis, P. abies	Hylurgops palliatus	Rühm (1956), Braasch et al. (1999) In Braasch (2001)
			Greece	Pinus pinaster		Skarmoutsos & Skarmoutsos (1999) In Torrini et al. (2000)
			Spain	Pinus pinaster, P. radiata, P. sylvestris		Abelleira et al. (2003) In d’Errico et al. (2015)
B. tusciae	Ambrogioni & Marinari Palmisano, (1998)	eggersi	France	Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, P. pinaster		This work
			Germany	Pinus sylvestris		Schönfeld et al. (2001) In Braasch (2001)
			Italy	Pinus nigra, P. pinaster, P. pinea	Hylurgus ligniperda	Ambrogioni & Palmisano (1998), Carlett i(2008) In Torrini et al. (2020)
			Portugal	Pinus pinaster	Hylurgus ligniperda	Penas et al. (2002, 2004, 2006) In Torrini et al. (2020)
B. glochis	Brzeski & Baujard (1997)	eggersi	France	Pinus sp.		This work
B. glochis	Brzeski & Baujard (1997)	eggersi	Poland	Pinus sylvestris		Brzeski & Baujard (1997)
B. pinasteri	Baujard (1980)	hofmanni	France	Pinus pinaster		Baujard (1980) In Braasch (2001); This work
			Germany	P. sylvestris		Schönfeld et al. (2000) In Braasch (2001)
			Spain	Pinus pinaster, P. pinea		Braasch (2001); Escuer et al. (2002, 2004a, 2004b),; In d’Errico et al. (2015)
*B. leoni*	Baujard (1980)	leoni	Austria	Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris		Braasch et al. (2000),Tomiczek (2000) In Braasch (2001)
			Cyprus	Pinus brutia, P. nigra, P. pinea		Philis (1996), Philis & Braasch (1996), Braasch & Philis (2002) In Torrini et al. (2020)
			France	Pinus pinaster, P. sylvestris, P. halenpensis		Baujard (1980) In Braasch (2001); This work
			Germany	Pinus sylvestris	Dryocoetes autographus	Braasch et al. (1999), Schönfeld et al. (2001) In Braasch (2001)
			Greece	Pinus brutia, P. halepensis, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. radiata, P. sylvestris		Skarmoutsos & Skarmoutsos (1999), Michalopoulos-Skarmoutsos et al. (2004) In Torrini et al. (2020); Karmezi et al. (2022)
			Italy	Pinus halepensis, P. nigra; P. pinaster, P. pinea, P. sylvestris		Ambrogioni et al. (1994), Marinari Palmisano & Ambrogioni (1994),Ambrogioni et al. (1994), Ambrogioni & Caroppo (1998), Caroppo et al. (1998), Carletti (2008) In Torrini et al. (2020)
			Portugal	Pinus pinaster	Pityogenes sp.	Braasch (2001); Penas et al. (2004) In Torrini et al. (2020)
			Spain	Pinus halepensis, P. pinea		Escuer et al. (2002, 2004b) In d’Errico et al. (2015)
*B. piniperdae*	Fuchs (1937)	sexdentati	Austria	Pinus sylvestris	Tomicus piniperda	Fuchs (1937) In Braasch (2001)
			France	Pinus sylvestris		This work
			Germany	Pinus sylvestris, P. montana, P. exelsa		Rühm (1956) In Braasch (2001)
			Netherlands	Pinus sylvestris	Tomicus piniperda	Fuchs (1937) In Braasch (2001)
			Slovakia	Pinus sylvestris	Tomicus piniperda	Tenkacova & Mituch (1987), Vilagiova & Mituch (1991) In Braasch (2001)
*B. poligraphi*	Fushs (1937), Goodey (1951)	sexdentati	France	*Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P. halenpensis, P. pinaster*		This work
			Germany	Picea abies, Pinus exelsa	Polygraphus poligraphus, Hylurgops. palliatus	Fushs (1937),Rühm (1956), Braasch et al. (1999) In Braasch (2001)
			Roumania	Pinus sp		Calin et al. (2013) In Calin et al. (2015)
			Slovakia	Picea abies	Polygraphus poligraphus	Tenkacova & Miush (1987) In Braasch (2001)
*B. vallesianus*	Braasch et al. (2004)	sexdentati	France	Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra		This work
			Greece	P. nigra		Lange et al. (2007) In d’Errico et al. (2015)
			Romania	Picea abies		Calin et al. (2013) In Calin et al. (2015)
			Switzerland	Pinus sylvestris		Braasch et al. (2004)
			Turkey	Pinus sylvestris		Akbulut et al. (2008b) In d’Errico et al. (2015)
*B. sexdentati*	Rühm (1960)	sexdentati	Austria	P. sylvestris		Tomiczek (2000) In Braasch (2001)
			Cyprus	Pinus brutia		Braasch & Philis (2002) In Torrini et al. (2020)
			France	Pinus nigra, P. pinaster		This work
			Germany	P. sylvestris	Ips sexdentatus, Tomicus piniperdia	Rühm (1960), Braasch et al. (1999) In Braasch (2001)
			Greece	P. brutia, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. halenpensis, P. radiata, P. maritima		Skarmoutsos & Skarmoutsos (1999), Skarmoutsos et al. (1998b), Michalopoulos-Skarmoutsos et al. (2004) In Torrini et al. (2020); Karmezi et al. (2022)
			Italy	Pinus pinaster, P. halenpensis, P. pinea, P. sylvestris, P. nigra	Ips sexdentatus, Orthotomicus erosus	Ambrogioni & Caroppo (1998), Carletti (2008) In Torrini et al. (2020); Caroppo et al. (1998) In Braasch (2001); Torrini et al. (2020)
			Lithuania		Ips sexdentatus	Voslilite (1990) In Braasch (2001)
			Portugal	Pinus pinaster	Hylurgus ligniperda, Orthotomicus erosus	Penas et al. (2002, 2004, 2006), In Torrini et al. (2020)
			Spain	Abies alba, Pinus pinaster, P. pinea, P. sylvestris		Abelleira et al. (2003), Escuer et al. (2004a, b) In d’Errico et al. (2015)
			Turkey	Pinus brutia, P. maritima		Akbulut et al. (2008a) In d’Errico et al. (2015)
*B. teratospicularis*	Kakuliya & Devdariani (1965)	teratospicularis	Croatia	Cupressus sempervirens		Braasch (2001)
			Cyprus	Pinus brutia		Braasch (2001)
			France	Pinus nigra, P. halenpensis		This work
			Georgia	Pinus nigra, Picea orientalis	Orthotomicus proximus, Blastophagus minor	Kakuliya & Devdariani (1965) In Braasch (2001)
			Germany	Pinus sylvestris		Braasch (2001)
			Greece	Pinus halepensis, P. brutia		Skarmoutsos & Skarmoutsos (1999) In Torrini et al (2020)
			Italy	Pinus pinaster, P. halepensis, P. pinea		Ambrogioni & Palmisano (1998), Caroppo et al. (1998) In Braasch (2001)
			Portugal	Pinus pinaster	Orthotomicus erosus	Braasch (2001); Penas et al. (2006) In Torrini et al. (2020)
*B. mucronatus*	Mamiya & Enda (1979)	xylophilus	Austria	Abies alba, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris		Braasch et al. (2000),Tomiczek (2000) In Braasch (2001)
			Czech Republic	Pinus sylvestris		Braasch (2001)
			Finland	Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris	Monochamus galloprovincialis, M. sutor	Tomminen et al. (1989), Tomminen (1990) In Braasch (2001)
			France	Pinus nigra, P. pinaster, P. sylvestris, P. halenpensis	Monochamus galloprovincialis	Baujard et al. (1979) In Braasch (2001); Baujard (1980) In Vincent et al. (2008b); This work
			Germany	Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris	Monochamus galloprovincialis	Braasch (1991); Braasch et al. (1999),Schönfeld et al. (2001) In Braasch (2001)
			Greece	Pinus brutia, P. halenpensis, Abies borisii-regis, P. maritima		Skarmoutsos & Skarmoutsos (1999), Michalopoulos-Skarmoutsos et al. (2004) In Torrini et al. (2020); Karmezi et al. (2022)
			Italy	Pinus nigra, P. pinaster, P. radiata, P. strobus, P. sylvestris	Monochamus galloprovincialis	Marinari Palmisano et al. (1992), Marinari Palmisano & Ambrogioni (1994), Ambrogioni & Caroppo (1998), Carletti (2008) In Torrini et al. (2020); Caroppo et al. (1998) In Braasch (2001)
			Norway	Pinus sylvestris		McNamara & Stoen (1988) In Braasch (2001)
			Poland	Pinus sylvestris		Brzeski & Baujard (1997), Brzeski & Brzeski (1997) In Braasch (2001)
			Portugal	Pinus pinaster		Penas et al. (2002, 2004) In Torrini et al. (2020)
			Spain	Pinus halepensis, P. nigra, P. sylvestris		Escuer et al. (2002, 2004a, 2004b) In d’Errico et al. (2015)
			Sweden	Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris	Monochamus galloprovincialis; M. sutor	Magnusson & Schroeder (1989) In Braasch (2001)
			Turkey	Pinus nigra	Ips sexdentatus	Vieira et al. (2004), Akbulut et al. (2006) In d’Errico et al. (2015)

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