Fig. 4

Prediction of annual sapling height increment of spruce (a), fir (b) and beech (c) along canopy openness (O) gradient, and for 3 sapling heights, 40, 150 and 500 cm, in mixed uneven-aged mountain forests. For each species, colored lines represent the height increment changes with different values of the best climate or soil variables selected by the models (Max Sum temp, maximum summer temperature (^∘C)). Values of the variables correspond to first quantile, median and last quantile of the observed values